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Jurisprudential and legal study of state-owned banks

33-39Full Text

Forough Mirparsa

Abstract
Banks, using their hundreds of years of experience and using their extensive branches, are the best and smoothest tool to achieve this goal. With the help of various deposit accounts, banks attract funds in excess of consumer and investment needs of individuals and institutions, and provide them to economic enterprises in the form of short-term and long-term loans and credits. However, the basis of the work of world-renowned banks, whether in attracting deposits or giving loans and credits, is (interest system), which according to the great jurists of Islam is usury and forbidden. The growing necessity of banking transactions and the important position of the bank in preparing savings and leading them to useful, productive and productive economic efforts, has made Muslim thinkers think of finding a solution to implement the banking system. The result of this thought can be presented in four groups: the first group, while acknowledging the usury of bank interest, has considered it permissible out of necessity and need. The second group, in terms of thematics, is unfamiliar and There is a fundamental difference between usury and bank interest. The third group, relying on the exceptions to the ruling on usury, equates them to bank interest. Islam and interest-free banking are the result of their efforts in many Muslim countries. Formation of conventional banks in the world is a government-run bank. In these banks, the main resources of the bank are formed through people's deposits, and in terms of the type of work and legal relations, they are no different from private banks, that is, they provide financial resources to economic owners and use them, then part It is given to depositors and the rest is deposited in the state treasury as bank interest. The purpose of establishing such banks in some countries is to prevent the exaggeration and oppression of private banks in receiving and paying bank interest. This means that private banks typically charge higher interest rates than business owners and, on the other hand, pay less interest to depositors in order to make more profit. To solve this problem, in some countries, state-run banks were formed. At the same time, it should be noted that the interest paid by these banks to depositors should not be less than competing institutions, otherwise people will withdraw their deposits from these banks in a short time. You will go to private banks, non-bank monetary institutions, informal monetary markets, foreign banks or buy and hoard essential goods.

Violation of fulfilling the condition in jurisprudence and law

40-50Full Text

Forough Mirparsa

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the violation of fulfilling the condition in jurisprudence and law, which according to Article 234 of the Civil Code: From the condition regarding the quality or quantity of the transaction. The condition of the result is that the realization of something outside is conditioned. And the condition of the action is that the current action is conditioned on one of the interlocutors or on an outsider. ”Therefore, according to this article, To violate the obligation mentioned in the contract and to violate their obligation on the condition stated in the contract, the option to violate the condition for the person in whose favor the condition has been made. That is, the option to violate the condition. The right of termination arises from the condition and concurrence of the will. Violation of the condition of adjective means attributes and attributes that have a secondary and non-essential aspect. According to the famous say of jurists, violation of basic and substantive conditions invalidates the contract, not sub-conditions. We can say that the well-known saying of the jurists about violating the condition of the deed is that in case of violation and conditional refusal of the conditional fulfillment, the conditional has the right to ask him to fulfill the condition and in case of non-compliance with the condition, If the condition contained in the contract is the condition of the act and the obligated person does not fulfill his obligation, he must first be required to fulfill the obligation. If the obligated person does not fulfill the obligation again, the obligor is (the person in whose favor the obligation is). It can fulfill the obligation in person or through another person and receive the costs from the obligor. Finally, if it is not possible to fulfill the obligation at all, the obligor can use his right to terminate the contract.

A New Coplanar Waveguide (CPW)-Fed Monopole Antenna Using Fractal Methods For Ultra-Wideband and Super-Wideband Applications

51-59Full Text

Kambakhsh Athari

Abstract
By using fractal methods a novel coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed monopole as a radiating part of an antenna is proposed for Super-wideband (SWB) and Ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The antenna has been designed on the basis of the unique geometry in which every change in each step will be stated and explained. The proposed CPW slot antenna is compact with the size of 30×32×1 mm3 which is printed on a substrate of FR-4. The parameters of this antenna were optimized by means of numerical simulations in ANSYS Electronics software, after which the antenna was fabricated. The measurement results show that the proposed antenna has a -10 dB return loss bandwidth from 2.63 GHz to 16 GHz for UWB applications and from 1.35 GHz to 28.92 GHz for SWB applications, which covers the entire required band for both applications, moreover, giving a ratio impedance bandwidth of more than 20:1 satisfies the SWB requirements. Every step of simulation and measurement results are compared and discussed.

Investigating the relationship between educational managers' thinking style and their transformational leadership style based on Bess and Olivio model

60-67Full Text

Mostafa Rezaei Tarshizi

Abstract
Managers' thinking styles and views on the issues around them can play an important role in relation to organizational development and growth and organizational leadership. The present study emphasizes the relationship between the thinking style of educational administrators and their transformational leadership style based on the Bus and Olivier model. This study is a cross-sectional and correlational study. The statistical population in this study was 120 high school principals in Zahedan, from which 100 people were selected as a statistical sample using simple random sampling using Morgan and Krejcin sample table. Questionnaire data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-group t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. The results of multiple regression also showed that ideal influence and mental motivation predict 34% of the variance of self-efficacy of high school principals. Provides teacher self-efficacy whenever the principal conveys a sense of idealism to the teachers under his or her leadership and motivates teachers to discover new solutions and rethink.